Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic treatment, is a dental procedure performed to save a severely decayed, infected, or damaged tooth. It involves removing the infected pulp from the inside of the tooth, cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, and filling them with a biocompatible material. The tooth is then typically restored with a dental crown.

A root canal becomes necessary when the inner pulp of a tooth becomes infected or inflamed. This can occur due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures on the tooth, a cracked or fractured tooth, or trauma. If left untreated, the infection can spread, leading to severe pain, abscess formation, and potential tooth loss. Root canal treatment allows for the preservation of the natural tooth and alleviates pain and infection.

During a root canal procedure, the dentist will numb the area around the affected tooth using local anesthesia. They will create an access hole in the tooth to remove the infected pulp using specialized dental instruments. The canals are then cleaned, shaped, and disinfected. Once the canals are prepared, they are filled with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha, and the access hole is sealed. In most cases, a dental crown is placed on top to provide strength and protection to the treated tooth.

Contrary to popular belief, a root canal procedure is not typically painful. With the use of local anesthesia, the area around the tooth is numbed, ensuring a comfortable experience during the treatment. Some patients may experience mild discomfort or sensitivity after the procedure, but this can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers and usually subsides within a few days.

The duration of a root canal treatment can vary depending on the complexity of the case and the tooth being treated. On average, a root canal procedure takes one to two dental visits. The initial visit involves cleaning and shaping the root canals, and in some cases, a temporary filling may be placed. The final visit includes filling the canals with gutta-percha and placing a dental crown. Your dentist will provide a more accurate estimate based on your specific situation.

With proper care, a tooth treated with a root canal can last a lifetime. However, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. Additionally, protecting the tooth from trauma and avoiding habits like teeth grinding can help ensure the longevity of the treated tooth.